Development of a 1550 nm LiDAR System Using Galvanometer and i-ToF Method for Distance Measurement and 2D Object Reconstruction

Authors

  • Febrian Winston Hutagalung Universitas Indonesia
  • Retno Wigajatri Purnamaningsih Universitas Indonesia
  • Sahat Pandapotan Nainggolan Kanazawa University
  • Mefina Yulias Rofianingrum National Research and Innovation Agency
  • Asep Hapiddin National Research and Innovation Agency
  • Dwi Hanto National Research and Innovation Agency

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62146/ijecbe.v3i3.129

Keywords:

LiDAR, Object Identification, i-ToF, Galvanometer, Laser 1150 nm

Abstract

LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is a high-precision distance measurement technology based on laser light reflection. This study develops a galvanometer-based LiDAR system utilizing the indirect Time of Flight (i-ToF) method with 100 MHz sinusoidal modulation and a 1550 nm eye-safe laser diode. The system is designed to measure distance and identify the shape of 2D objects. The system was tested through phase difference measurements, galvanometer response, and flat-surface mapping at distances of 25 cm and 35 cm. The measurement results demonstrate high linearity and stability up to a maximum range of 1.5 meters, in accordance with the 360° phase difference (∆φ) limitation. The measurements of object dimensions in the form of an aluminum foil-covered plate at distances of 25 cm (1.76 cm × 2.63 cm) and 35 cm (2.45 cm × 3.66 cm) indicate that increasing the distance between the object and the system results in a wider coverage area but with reduced spatial resolution. At a distance of 25 cm, the light beam shifts by 0.436 cm/1°∆φ, whereas at 35 cm it shifts by 0.611 cm/1°∆φ. Furthermore, the limited active area of the photodetector was identified as the main factor restricting the detection coverage. This research opens opportunities for further development, particularly in optimizing galvanometer angle adjustments and enhancing the photodetector’s active area to expand coverage and improve measurement accuracy under various operating conditions.

Author Biographies

Febrian Winston Hutagalung, Universitas Indonesia

Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia

Retno Wigajatri Purnamaningsih, Universitas Indonesia

Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia

Sahat Pandapotan Nainggolan, Kanazawa University

Division of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Kanazawa University

Mefina Yulias Rofianingrum, National Research and Innovation Agency

Research Center for Photonics, National Research and Innovation Agency, South Tangerang, Indonesia

Asep Hapiddin, National Research and Innovation Agency

Research Center for Testing Technology and Standard, National Research and Innovation Agency, South Tangerang, Indonesia

Dwi Hanto, National Research and Innovation Agency

Research Center for Photonics, National Research and Innovation Agency, South Tangerang, Indonesia

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Published

2025-09-30

How to Cite

Hutagalung, F. W., Purnamaningsih, R. W., Nainggolan, S. P., Rofianingrum, M. Y., Hapiddin, A., & Hanto, D. (2025). Development of a 1550 nm LiDAR System Using Galvanometer and i-ToF Method for Distance Measurement and 2D Object Reconstruction. International Journal of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, 3(3), 567–578. https://doi.org/10.62146/ijecbe.v3i3.129

Issue

Section

Electrical and Electronics Engineering