Development of a Wearable Wide band Antenna in the Frequency Range of 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz

Fidelio Soares; Eko Tjipto Rahardjo

doi:10.62146/ijecbe.v2i3.51

Authors

Fidelio Soares Universitas Indonesia
Eko Tjipto Rahardjo Universitas Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62146/ijecbe.v2i3.51

Keywords:

Wearable Antenna, Communication, Telemedicine, Smart Home

Abstract

This paper presents the optimization and design of a wearable multiband microstrip patch antenna using jeans as a substrate material for wireless communication applications. The proposed antenna operates at 2.4 GHz, 5.2 GHz, and 5.6 GHz frequency bands, which are essential for Wi-Fi and other wireless standards. The antenna design incorporates a rectangular slot and patch to achieve triple-band operation with a full ground plane, ensuring good isolation, directional radiation patterns, and high gain. Simulations and measurements were conducted using CST STUDIO SUITE software and standard laboratory equipment to validate the antenna's performance. Results demonstrate return losses greater than -10 dB with bandwidths of 72.5 MHz, 169.1 MHz, and 127.7 MHz for each band, respectively. The antenna achieves gain values of 0.886 dBi, 6.38 dBi, and 5.27 dBi for the 2.4 GHz, 5.2 GHz, and 5.6 GHz bands. Flexibility tests confirm the antenna's suitability for wearable applications, maintaining performance despite bending. The proposed antenna shows significant potential for integration into wearable devices, providing a reliable and efficient solution for modern wireless communication needs.

References

Khan, Manzoor, Muhammad Yasir Khan, Sadiq Ullah, and Farooq Faisal. 2015. “Design and Analysis of a Tri-Band Patch Antenna for UMTS, WIMAX and WLAN Applications.” In 2015 International Conference on Open Source Systems & Technologies (ICOSST), 91–95. IEEE.

Mohamadzade, Bahare, Raheel M. Hashmi, Roy B. V. B. Simorangkir, Reza Gharaei, Sabih Ur Rehman, and Qammer H. Abbasi. 2019. “Recent Advances in Fabrication Methods for Flexible Antennas in Wearable Devices: State of the Art.” Sensors 19 (10). https://doi.org/10.3390/s19102312

Ali, Shahid M., Cheab Sovuthy, Muhammad A. Imran, Soeung Socheatra, Qammer H. Abbasi, and Zuhairiah Zainal Abidin. 2020. “Recent Advances of Wearable Antennas in Materials, Fabrication Methods, Designs, and Their Applications: State-of-the-Art.” Micromachines 11 (10). https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11100888

Mr.P.C. Dhanawade, L.S.Admuthe, P.P Dhanawad,"Simulation of Rectangular Patch Antenna with Jeans Substrate, "In IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE), College Of Engineering Jaysingpure, pp. 42-45, 2012.

Sundarsingh, Esther Florence, S. Velan, M. Kanagasabai, A.K Sarma, C. Raviteja, M. Altash, "polygon shaped slotted dual band antenna for wearable applications ", IEEE antennas and wireless propagation letters, vol. 13,pp. 611-614, 2014.

P. Muthu Kannan and V.Palanisamy,"Dual Band Rectangular Patch Wearable Antenna on Jeans Material. “In International Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 442-446, 2012.

Nagarjun .R, G. George, D. Thiripurasundari, R. Poonkuzhali and Zachariahc.Alex, "Design of a triple band planar bow-tie antenna for wearable application, " IEEE information and communication technologies(ICT), jejju island, pp. 1185-1189, 2013.

Nguyen, Hong-Duc, Jean-Philippe Coupez, Vincent Castel, Christian Person, Anastasia Delattre, Laura Crowther-Alwyn, and Pascal Borel. 2016. “RF Characterization of Flexible Substrates for New Conformable Antenna Systems.” In 2016 10th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 1–5. IEEE.

Khalily, Mohsen, Muhammad R. Kamarudin, Mastaneh Mokayef, and Mohd H. Jamaluddin. 2014. “Omnidirectional Circularly Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antenna for 5.2-GHz WLAN Applications.” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 13: 443–46.

Awarkeh, N. 2019. “2D Indoor Localization System with an UWB Multistatic Radar,” October. https://www.theses.fr/2019SACLT041

Awan, Wahaj Abbas, Tanvir Islam, Fahad N Alsunaydih, Fahd Alsaleem, and Khaled Alhassoonc. 2024. “Dual-Band MIMO Antenna with Low Mutual Coupling for 2.4/5.8 GHz Communication and Wearable Technologies.” PloS One 19 (4): e0301924.

Colbach, Gordon. 2019. The WiFi Networking Book: WLAN Standards: IEEE 802.11 Bgn, 802.11n, 802.11ac and 802.11ax. Independently Published.

Samal, Purna B., Shengjian Jammy Chen, and Christophe Fumeaux. 2023. “Wearable Textile Multiband Antenna for WBAN Applications.” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 71 (2): 1391–1402.

Jalil, M. E. B. 2014. “Multiband Textile Antenna for Wearable Application.” A Thesis of the Degree of Master of Engineering. http://eprints.utm.my/48939/25/MohdEzwanJalilMFKE2014.pdf

Rachman, Fajar Aulia, and Eko Tjipto Rahardjo Eko Rahardjo. 2024. “Design of a Dual-Band Wearable Antenna Operating at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz for Medical Communication Applications.” International Journal of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, March. https://doi.org/10.62146/ijecbe.v2i1.31

Jackson, D. R., J. T. Williams, A. K. Bhattacharyya, R. L. Smith, S. J. Buchheit, and S. A. Long. 1993. “Microstrip Patch Designs That Do Not Excite Surface Waves.” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 41 (8): 1026–37.

Massey, P. J. 2001. “Mobile Phone Fabric Antennas Integrated within Clothing.” In 2001 Eleventh International Conference on Antennas and Propagation, (IEE Conf. Publ. No. 480), 1:344–47 vol.1. IET.

Salonen, P., and L. Hurme. 2003. “A Novel Fabric WLAN Antenna for Wearable Applications.” In IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. Digest. Held in Conjunction with: USNC/CNC/URSI North American Radio Sci. Meeting (Cat. No.03CH37450), 2:700–703 vol.2. IEEE.

Locher, Ivo, Maciej Klemm, Tnde Kirstein, and Gerhard Troster. 2006. “Design and Characterization of Purely Textile Patch Antennas.” IEEE Transactions on Advanced Packaging 29 (4): 777–88.

Hertleer, Carla, Anneleen Tronquo, Hendrik Rogier, Luigi Vallozzi, and Lieva Van Langenhove. 2007. “Aperture-Coupled Patch Antenna for Integration into Wearable Textile Systems.” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 6: 392–95.

Y.Ouyang,D. J.Love,andW. J.Chappell,“Body-worndistributed MIMOsystem,” IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technology, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 1752–1765, May 2009.

Guha, Debatosh, and Yahia M. M. Antar. 2011. Microstrip and Printed Antennas: New Trends, Techniques and Applications. John Wiley & Sons.

Kennedy, Timothy F., Patrick W. Fink, Andrew W. Chu, Nathan J. Champagne, Gregory Y. Lin, and Michael A. Khayat. 2009. “Body-Worn E-Textile Antennas: The Good, the Low-Mass, and the Conformal.” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 57 (4): 910–18.

Bai, Q., and R. J. Langley. 2011. “Crumpling of Compact Textile Antennas.” In Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP), 3631–34. IEEE.

Paul, D. L., M. Klemm, C. J. Railton, and J. P. McGeehan. 2007. “Textile Broadband E-Patch Antenna at ISM Band,” January, 38–43.

Zhu, S., and R. Langley. 2007. “Dual-Band Wearable Antennas over EBG Substrate.” Electronics Letters 43 (3): 1.

Salonen, P., Y. Rahmat-Samii, H. Hurme, and M. Kivikoski. 2004. “Dual-Band Wearable Textile Antenna.” In IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Symposium, 2004., 1:463–66 Vol.1. IEEE.

Soh, P. J., G. Vandenbosch, and S. L. Ooi. 2011. “Wearable Dual-Band Sierpinski Fractal PIFA Using Conductive Fabric.” Electronics. https://lirias.kuleuven.be/retrieve/217667

Chahat, Nacer, Maxim Zhadobov, Ronan Sauleau, and Kouroch Mahdjoubi. 2010. “Improvement of the on-Body Performance of a Dual-Band Textile Antenna Using an EBG Structure.” In 2010 Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference, 465–68. IEEE.

Tsai, Chih-Yu, and Oscal T-C Chen. 2010. “CPW-Fed Wideband Printed Planar Dipole Antenna for Digital TV.” In 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI), 1–4. IEEE.

Lin, Ding-Bing, Pang-Chun Tsai, I-Tseng Tang, and Peng-Su Chen. 2010. “Spiral and Multimode Antenna Miniaturization for DTV Signal Receptions.” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 9: 902–5.

Wee, Jae-Kyung, Jae Woo Park, In Su Yeom, Boo-Gyoun Kim, and Chang Won Jung. 2010. “Compact DVB-H Antenna with Broad Dual-Band Operation for PMP Applications.” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 9: 580–83.

Lekakos, George, Konstantinos Chorianopoulos, and Georgios Doukidis. 2007. Interactive Digital Television: Technologies and Applications: Technologies and Applications. Idea Group Inc (IGI).

Tomar, Geetam Singh, Narendra S. Chaudhari, Jorge Luis V. Barbosa, and Mahesh Kumar Aghwariya. 2020. International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Smart Communication 2019: Proceedings of ICSC 2019. Springer Nature.

Cunha, António, Nuno M. Garcia, Jorge Marx Gómez, and Sandra Pereira. 2023. Wireless Mobile Communication and Healthcare: 11th EAI International Conference, MobiHealth 2022, Virtual Event, November 30 – December 2, 2022, Proceedings. Springer Nature.

United States. Army Materiel Command. 1967. The New APPI: Advance Planning Procurement Information: Program for Industry. The Command.

Saini, H. S., R. K. Singh, Mirza Tariq Beg, and J. S. Sahambi. 2020. Innovations in Electronics and Communication Engineering: Proceedings of the 8th ICIECE 2019. Springer Nature.

Sen, Ramkrishna, Susmita Mukherjee, Rajashree Paul, and Rajiv Narula. 2019. Biotechnology and Biological Sciences: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of Biotechnology and Biological Sciences (BIOSPECTRUM 2019), August 8-10, 2019, Kolkata, India. CRC Press.

Cheh Lin, Irene Kong, Mohd Haizal Jamaluddin, and Abinash Gaya. 2023. “A Triple Band Substrate Integrated Waveguide with Dielectric Resonator Antenna for 4G and 5G Applications.” Micromachines 14 (7). https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14071284

Kumar, Arun, Manoj Gupta, Mahmoud A. Albreem, Dac-Binh Ha, and Er Mohit Kumar Sharma. 2022. Wearable and Neuronic Antennas for Medical and Wireless Applications. John Wiley & Sons.

R. B. V. B. Simorangkir, A. Kiourti, and K. P. Esselle, “UWB wearable antenna with a full ground plane based on PDMS-embedded conduc tive fabric,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 493–496, Mar. 2018.

B. Mohamadzade, R. B. V. Simorangkir, R. M. Hashmi, and A. Lalbakhsh, “A conformal ultrawideband antenna with monopole like radiation patterns,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 68, no. 8, pp. 6383–6388, Aug. 2020.

B. Mohamadzade, R. B. V. Simorangkir, R. M. Hashmi, Y. Chao-Oger, M. Zhadobov, and R. Sauleau, “A conformal band-notched ultraw ideband antenna with monopole-like radiation characteristics,” IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 203–207, Jan. 2020